CHILAIDITI SYNDROME

This patient was a 55 yr old female who presented to our department with acute onset of abdominal pain and shortness of breath. Upon chest X-Ray it was found out that her Transverse Colon was interposed between the Liver and the diaphragm which gives rise to a condition called Chilaiditi Syndrome.

DISCUSSION

Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare condition when pain occurs due to transposition of a loop of large intestine (usually transverse colon) in between the diaphragm and the liver, visible on plain abdominal X-ray or chest X-ray.

Normally this causes no symptoms, and this is called Chilaiditi's sign. The sign can be permanently present, or sporadically. Thisanatomical variant is sometimes mistaken for the more serious condition of having air under the diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum) which is usually an indication of bowel perforation. This may lead to unnecessary surgical interventions.

Chilaiditi syndrome refers only to complications in the presence of Chilaiditi's sign. These include abdominal pain, torsion of the bowel (volvulus) or shortness of breath.

Causes

The exact cause is not always known, but it may occur in patients with a long and mobile colon (dolichocolon), chronic lung disease such as emphysema, or liver problems such as cirrhosis and ascites. Chilaiditi's sign is generally not associated with symptoms, and is most commonly an incidental finding in normal individuals.

Absence or laxity of the ligament suspending the transverse colon or of the falciform ligament are also thought to contribute to the condition. It can also be associated with relative atrophy of the medial segment of the left lobe of the liver. In this case, the gallbladder position is often anomalous as well - it is often located anterior to the liver, rather than posterior.

Epidemiology

The occurrence (incidence) on abdominal or chest X-rays is around 0.1% but it can be up to 1% in series of older adults. It has also been reported in children.

Synonyms

Synonyms include interpositio hepatodiaphragmatica, subphrenic displacement of the colon and subphrenic interposition syndrome.